Percepción de los estudiantes sobre la importancia de la resiliencia en la labor profesional de los trabajadores sociales: propuesta de un modelo de mediación
[Students perception of the importance of resilience in the professional work of social workers: proposal of a mediation model]
Autoría: Salvador-Ferrer, Carmen María (1); Rodríguez-Fernández, Ascensión G. (2); Jurado-Pérez, María Daniela (3);
Datos profesionales del autor/a: (1) Profesora Titular de Psicología. Universidad de Almería
(2) Profesora Sustituta Interina de Trabajado Social. Universidad de Almería
(3) Trabajadora Social en el Ayuntamiento de Almería
(2) Profesora Sustituta Interina de Trabajado Social. Universidad de Almería
(3) Trabajadora Social en el Ayuntamiento de Almería
Correspondencia: Ascensión G. Rodríguez-Fernández. Email: arf470@ual.es
Recibido: 13/1/2022
Revisado: 14/4/2022
Aceptado: 28/4/2022
Publicado: 31/5/2022
Resumen
La resiliencia es un componente relevante para afrontar los retos del mercado laboral. En este trabajo, nuestros objetivos son conocer la percepción de resiliencia que tienen los/as estudiantes de Trabajo Social y, también, proponer y probar un modelo de Mediación mediante el cual la perseverancia tiene un efecto mediador entre la satisfacción personal y la confianza en sí mismo. Utilizamos la escala de Wagnild y Young, en una muestra de 102 estudiantes del Grado en Trabajo Social. Los resultados de mediación simple ponen de manifiesto que la perseverancia tiene un efecto indirecto sobre la influencia de la satisfacción personal en la auto-confianza. Los datos muestran la relevancia que tiene la resiliencia para los/as estudiantes del Grado en Trabajo Social. Además, el peso que obtienen la auto-confianza, satisfacción y perseverancia. Descubrimos que la perseverancia es una variable mediadora en la relación entre la satisfacción personal y la auto-confianza
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Palabras Clave
Resiliencia, Perseverancia, Satisfacción personal, Auto-confianza, Trabajo Social
Abstract
Resilience is a relevant component to face the challenges of the labor market. In this work, our objectives are to know the perception of resilience that Social Work students have and, also, to propose and test mediation model through which perseverance has a mediating effect between personal satisfaction and self-confidence. We used the Wagnild and Young scale, in a sample of 102 students of the Degree in Social Work. The results of simple mediation show that perseverance has an indirect effect on the influence of personal satisfaction on self-confidence. They reveal the relevance of resilience in students of Social Work Grade, and the weight of trust, satisfaction and perseverance, we discover that perseverance is a mediating variable in the relationship between personal satisfaction and self-confidence
Key Words
Resilience, Perseverance, Personal satisfaction, Self-confidence, Social Work
Referencia Normalizada (cómo citar este artículo)
Salvador C. M.ª, Rodríguez, A. G: y Jurado M.ª D. Percepción de los estudiantes sobre la importancia de la resiliencia en la labor profesional de los trabajadores sociales: propuesta de un modelo de mediación. Trabajo Social Hoy 96 (37-50) doi: 10.12960/TSH 2022.0009
Texto del Artículo
Referencias
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Acker, G. M. y Lawrence, D. (2009). Social Work and managed care measuring competence, burnout, and role stress of workers providing mental health services in a managed care era. Journal of Social Work, 9(3), 269–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017309334902
Arrington, E. G. y Wilson, M. N. (2000). A re-examination of risk and resilience during adolesence: Incorporating culture and diversity. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 9(2), 221-230.
Barak, M, J. y Levin, A. (2001). Antecedents to retention and turnover among child welfare, Social Work, and other human service employees: What can we learn from past research? A review and metanalysis. Social Service Review, 74(4), 625-660.
Baron, R. M. y Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(1), 1173–1182.
Bamber, M. R. (2006). CBT for occupational stress in health professionals: Introducing a schema-focused approach. New York, NY: Routledge.
Begun, A. L. (1993). Human behaviour and the social environment: The vulnerability, risk, and resilience model. Journal of Social Work Education, 29(1), 26-36.
Borrego, Y., Vázquez, O. y Orgambídez, A. (2020). Analysis of the Occupational Health of a Group of Social Workers. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 208(1), 63-72. Brotheridge, C. M. y Grandey, A. A. (2002). Emotional labor and burnout: Comparing two perspectives of "people work". Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60(1), 17–39. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1815
Cleak, H. (2019). Holistic approach to curriculum development to promote student engagement, professionalism, and resilience. Australian Social Work, 72(2), 248- 250. https://doi.org/10.1080/0312407X.2018.1559337
Cook, L. (2019). Storytelling among child welfare social workers: Constructing professional role and resilience through team talk. Qualitative Social Work, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325019865014
Collins, S. (2008). Statutory social workers: Stress, job satisfaction, coping, social support and individual differences. British Journal of Social Work, 38(6), 1173–1193. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcm047
Dore, I. (2019). Talking about emotion: How are conversations about emotion enabled in the context of social work practice education? Social Work Education, 38(7), 846-860. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2019.1591361
Dubus, N. (2018). Integration or Building Resilience: What Should the Goal Be in Refugee Resettlement? Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies, 16(2), 413-429. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2017.1358409
Engstrom, S. (2019). Interpersonal justice: The importance of relationships for child and family social workers. Journal Social Work Practice, 33(1), 41-53. https:// doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2017.1400957
Fraser, M. W. y Galinsky, M. J. (1997). Toward a resilience-based model of Practice. En M. W. Fraser (Ed.). Risk and resilience in childhood, 265-276. Washington, DC: Nasw Press.
Graham, J. y Shier, M. (2010). Social Work Practitioners and Subjective Well-being: Personal actors contribute to high levels of subjective well-being. International Social Work, 53(6), 757-772. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872810368394
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation and conditional process analysis. A regression-based approach. Nueva York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Hombrados-Mendieta, I., y Cosano-Rivas, F. (2013). Burnout, workplace support, job satisfaction and life satisfaction among social workers in Spain: A structural equation model. International Social Work, 56(2), 228–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872811421620
Howard, M. O. y Jenson J. M. (1999). Clinical practice guidelines: Should Social Work develop them? Research on Social Work Practice, 9(1), 283-301.
Ingram, R. (2012). Locating emotional intelligence at the heart of social work practice. British Journal of Social Work, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcs029
Jordan, B. (2008). Social Work and World Poverty. International Social Work, 51(1), 440-452. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872808090238
Landsman, M. J. (2008). Pathways to organizational commitment. Administration in Social Work, 32(2), 105–132. https://doi.org/10.1300/J147v32n02_07
Lloyd, C., King, R. y Chenoweth, L. (2002). Social Work, stress and burnout: A review. Journal of Mental Health, 11(3), 255–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638230020023642
Menezes de Lucena, V. A., Fernández, B., Hernández, L., Ramos, F. y Contador, I. (2006). Resiliencia y el modelo Burnout-Engagement en cuidadores formales de ancianos. Psicothema, 18(4), 791-796.
Morrison, T. (2007). Emotional Intelligence, Emotion and Social Work: Context, Characteristics, Complications and Contribution. British Journal of Social Work, 37(2), 245–263. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcl016
Newcomb, M., Burton, J. y Edwards, N. (2019). Student constructions of resilience: Understanding the role of childhood adversity. Australian Social Work, 72(2), 166– 178. https://doi.org/10.1080/0312407X.2018.1550521
Palma, M. y Hombrados, I. (2013). Trabajo Social y resiliencia: Revisión de elementos convergentes. Portularia, 2(1), 89-98.
Peña, L. (2009). Una Mirada al Trabajo Social desde los profesionales. Revista Servicios Sociales y Política Social, 86(1), 179-185.
Rew L., Taylor-Seehafer M., Thomas N. Y. y Yockey R. D. (2001). Correlates of resilience in homeless adolescents. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 33, 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2001.00033.x
Rose, S. y Palattiyil, G. (2018). Surviving or thriving? Enhancing the emotional resilience of social workers in their organisational settings. Journal of Social Work, 22(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017318793614
Rutter, M. (1993). Resilience: Some conceptual considerations. Journal of Adolescent Health, 14(8), 626-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/1054-139X(93)90196-V
Saleebey, D. (1996). The strengths perspective in Social Work practice: Extensions and cautions. Social Work, 4(1), 296-305. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/41.3.296
Scuri, S., Petrelli, F., Nguyen, T. y Grappasonni, I. (2019). Training to improve resilience and coping to monitor PTSD in rescue workers. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, 60(1), 58-63. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2019.60.1.1134
Tesi, A., Aiello, A. y Giannetti, E. (2019). The work-related well-being of social workers: Framing job demands, psychological well-being, and work engagement. Journal Social Work, 19(1), 121-141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017318757397
Trigueros, R., Álvarez, J., Aguilar, J., Alcaraz, M. y Rosado, A. (2017). Validación y adaptación española de la escala de resiliencia en el contexto deportivo (ERCD). Psychology, Society & Education, 9(2), 311-324. Doi 10.25115/psye.v9i2.864
Villalba, C. (2006). El Enfoque de resiliencia en Trabajo Social. Acciones e Investigaciones Sociales (1 Ext), 466.
Wagnild, G. M. y Young, H. M. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1(1), 165-178.
Waterhouse, L. y McGhee, J. (2009). Anxiety and child protection-implications for practitioner- parent relations. Child & Family Social Work, 14(4), 481–490. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2009.00631.x
Werner, E. y Smith, R. (1992). Overcoming the odds: High risk children from birth to adulthood. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Acker, G. M. (2012). Burnout among mental health care providers. Journal of Social Work, 12(5), 475–490. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017310392418
Acker, G. M. y Lawrence, D. (2009). Social Work and managed care measuring competence, burnout, and role stress of workers providing mental health services in a managed care era. Journal of Social Work, 9(3), 269–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017309334902
Arrington, E. G. y Wilson, M. N. (2000). A re-examination of risk and resilience during adolesence: Incorporating culture and diversity. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 9(2), 221-230.
Barak, M, J. y Levin, A. (2001). Antecedents to retention and turnover among child welfare, Social Work, and other human service employees: What can we learn from past research? A review and metanalysis. Social Service Review, 74(4), 625-660.
Baron, R. M. y Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(1), 1173–1182.
Bamber, M. R. (2006). CBT for occupational stress in health professionals: Introducing a schema-focused approach. New York, NY: Routledge.
Begun, A. L. (1993). Human behaviour and the social environment: The vulnerability, risk, and resilience model. Journal of Social Work Education, 29(1), 26-36.
Borrego, Y., Vázquez, O. y Orgambídez, A. (2020). Analysis of the Occupational Health of a Group of Social Workers. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 208(1), 63-72. Brotheridge, C. M. y Grandey, A. A. (2002). Emotional labor and burnout: Comparing two perspectives of "people work". Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60(1), 17–39. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1815
Cleak, H. (2019). Holistic approach to curriculum development to promote student engagement, professionalism, and resilience. Australian Social Work, 72(2), 248- 250. https://doi.org/10.1080/0312407X.2018.1559337
Cook, L. (2019). Storytelling among child welfare social workers: Constructing professional role and resilience through team talk. Qualitative Social Work, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473325019865014
Collins, S. (2008). Statutory social workers: Stress, job satisfaction, coping, social support and individual differences. British Journal of Social Work, 38(6), 1173–1193. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcm047
Dore, I. (2019). Talking about emotion: How are conversations about emotion enabled in the context of social work practice education? Social Work Education, 38(7), 846-860. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2019.1591361
Dubus, N. (2018). Integration or Building Resilience: What Should the Goal Be in Refugee Resettlement? Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies, 16(2), 413-429. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2017.1358409
Engstrom, S. (2019). Interpersonal justice: The importance of relationships for child and family social workers. Journal Social Work Practice, 33(1), 41-53. https:// doi.org/10.1080/02650533.2017.1400957
Fraser, M. W. y Galinsky, M. J. (1997). Toward a resilience-based model of Practice. En M. W. Fraser (Ed.). Risk and resilience in childhood, 265-276. Washington, DC: Nasw Press.
Graham, J. y Shier, M. (2010). Social Work Practitioners and Subjective Well-being: Personal actors contribute to high levels of subjective well-being. International Social Work, 53(6), 757-772. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872810368394
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation and conditional process analysis. A regression-based approach. Nueva York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Hombrados-Mendieta, I., y Cosano-Rivas, F. (2013). Burnout, workplace support, job satisfaction and life satisfaction among social workers in Spain: A structural equation model. International Social Work, 56(2), 228–246. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872811421620
Howard, M. O. y Jenson J. M. (1999). Clinical practice guidelines: Should Social Work develop them? Research on Social Work Practice, 9(1), 283-301.
Ingram, R. (2012). Locating emotional intelligence at the heart of social work practice. British Journal of Social Work, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcs029
Jordan, B. (2008). Social Work and World Poverty. International Social Work, 51(1), 440-452. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872808090238
Landsman, M. J. (2008). Pathways to organizational commitment. Administration in Social Work, 32(2), 105–132. https://doi.org/10.1300/J147v32n02_07
Lloyd, C., King, R. y Chenoweth, L. (2002). Social Work, stress and burnout: A review. Journal of Mental Health, 11(3), 255–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638230020023642
Menezes de Lucena, V. A., Fernández, B., Hernández, L., Ramos, F. y Contador, I. (2006). Resiliencia y el modelo Burnout-Engagement en cuidadores formales de ancianos. Psicothema, 18(4), 791-796.
Morrison, T. (2007). Emotional Intelligence, Emotion and Social Work: Context, Characteristics, Complications and Contribution. British Journal of Social Work, 37(2), 245–263. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcl016
Newcomb, M., Burton, J. y Edwards, N. (2019). Student constructions of resilience: Understanding the role of childhood adversity. Australian Social Work, 72(2), 166– 178. https://doi.org/10.1080/0312407X.2018.1550521
Palma, M. y Hombrados, I. (2013). Trabajo Social y resiliencia: Revisión de elementos convergentes. Portularia, 2(1), 89-98.
Peña, L. (2009). Una Mirada al Trabajo Social desde los profesionales. Revista Servicios Sociales y Política Social, 86(1), 179-185.
Rew L., Taylor-Seehafer M., Thomas N. Y. y Yockey R. D. (2001). Correlates of resilience in homeless adolescents. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 33, 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2001.00033.x
Rose, S. y Palattiyil, G. (2018). Surviving or thriving? Enhancing the emotional resilience of social workers in their organisational settings. Journal of Social Work, 22(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017318793614
Rutter, M. (1993). Resilience: Some conceptual considerations. Journal of Adolescent Health, 14(8), 626-631. https://doi.org/10.1016/1054-139X(93)90196-V
Saleebey, D. (1996). The strengths perspective in Social Work practice: Extensions and cautions. Social Work, 4(1), 296-305. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/41.3.296
Scuri, S., Petrelli, F., Nguyen, T. y Grappasonni, I. (2019). Training to improve resilience and coping to monitor PTSD in rescue workers. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, 60(1), 58-63. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2019.60.1.1134
Tesi, A., Aiello, A. y Giannetti, E. (2019). The work-related well-being of social workers: Framing job demands, psychological well-being, and work engagement. Journal Social Work, 19(1), 121-141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017318757397
Trigueros, R., Álvarez, J., Aguilar, J., Alcaraz, M. y Rosado, A. (2017). Validación y adaptación española de la escala de resiliencia en el contexto deportivo (ERCD). Psychology, Society & Education, 9(2), 311-324. Doi 10.25115/psye.v9i2.864
Villalba, C. (2006). El Enfoque de resiliencia en Trabajo Social. Acciones e Investigaciones Sociales (1 Ext), 466.
Wagnild, G. M. y Young, H. M. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1(1), 165-178.
Waterhouse, L. y McGhee, J. (2009). Anxiety and child protection-implications for practitioner- parent relations. Child & Family Social Work, 14(4), 481–490. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1365-2206.2009.00631.x
Werner, E. y Smith, R. (1992). Overcoming the odds: High risk children from birth to adulthood. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
